At the time of construction/commissioning, Kansanshi was the eighth largest copper mine in the world. The project produces approximately 167,000 ounces of gold and about 270,000 tonnes of copper per annum. Since production started in 2005, the project has undergone two of a three stage US$800 million expansion project which will ultimately increase copper production by a further 50%. Process E & I has been involved with many of these ongoing electrical and process plant upgrades. These have included the expansion of Crushing, Milling, Flotation and electrowinning capacity over the past 11 years. We have also been involved with several new sub-projects including the installation of a high pressure leach facility and associated oxygen plant, a large standby diesel power station and trolley assist (electric trolley lines to power haul trucks on the pit exit ramps) which resulted in a significant cost reduction over traditional diesel usage.